We study whether lower bounds against constant-depth algebraic circuits computing the Permanent over finite fields (Limaye–Srinivasan–Tavenas [J. ACM, 2025] and Forbes [CCC’24]) are hard to prove in certain proof systems. We focus on a DNF formula that expresses that such lower bounds are hard for constant-depth algebraic proofs. Using an ... more >>>

Lower bounds against strong algebraic proof systems and specifically fragments of the Ideal Proof System (IPS), have been obtained in an ongoing line of work. All of these bounds, however, are proved only over large (or characteristic 0) fields,1 yet finite fields are the more natural setting for propositional proof ... more >>>