The Isolation Lemma states that when random weights are assigned to the elements of a finite set $E$, then in any given family of subsets of $E$, exactly one set has the minimum weight, with high probability. In this note, we present two proofs for the fact that it is ... more >>>

Given a multivariate polynomial computed by an arithmetic branching program (ABP) of size $s$, we show that all its factors can be computed by arithmetic branching programs of size $\text{poly}(s)$. Kaltofen gave a similar result for polynomials computed by arithmetic circuits. The previously known best upper bound for ABP-factors was ... more >>>

We consider the univariate polynomial $f_d:=(x+1)^d$ when represented as a sum of constant-powers of univariate polynomials. We define a natural measure for the model, the support-union, and conjecture that it is $\Omega(d)$ for $f_d$.

We show a stunning connection of the conjecture to the two main problems in algebraic ... more >>>

We deterministically construct quasi-polynomial weights in quasi-polynomial time, such that in a given polytope with totally unimodular constraints, one vertex is isolated, i.e., there is a unique minimum weight vertex.
More precisely,
the property that we need is that every face of the polytope lies in an affine space defined ... more >>>

Given two matroids on the same ground set, the matroid intersection problem asks to find a common independent set of maximum size. We show that the linear matroid intersection problem is in quasi-NC$^2$. That is, it has uniform circuits of quasi-polynomial size $n^{O(\log n)}$, and $O(\log^2 n)$ depth. This generalizes ... more >>>

We show that the bipartite perfect matching problem is in quasi-NC$^2$. That is, it has uniform circuits of quasi-polynomial size and $O(\log^2 n)$ depth. Previously, only an exponential upper bound was known on the size of such circuits with poly-logarithmic depth.

We obtain our result by an almost complete ... more >>>

A black-white combinatorial game is a two-person game in which the pieces are colored either black or white. The players alternate moving or taking elements of a specific color designated to them before the game begins. A player loses the game if there is no legal move available for his ... more >>>

A read once ABP is an arithmetic branching program with each variable occurring in at most one layer. We give the first polynomial time whitebox identity test for a polynomial computed by a sum of constantly many ROABPs. We also give a corresponding blackbox algorithm with quasi-polynomial time complexity, i.e. ... more >>>

Counting the number of perfect matchings in arbitrary graphs is a $\#$P-complete problem. However, for some restricted classes of graphs the problem can be solved efficiently. In the case of planar graphs, and even for $K_{3,3}$-free graphs, Vazirani showed that it is in NC$^2$. The technique there is to compute ... more >>>

A red-blue graph is a graph where every edge is colored either red or blue. The exact perfect matching problem asks for a perfect matching in a red-blue graph that has exactly a given number of red edges.

We show that for complete and bipartite complete graphs, the exact perfect ... more >>>

We consider the complexity of determining the winner of a finite, two-level poset game.
This is a natural question, as it has been shown recently that determining the winner of a finite, three-level poset game is PSPACE-complete.
We give a simple formula allowing one to compute the status ... more >>>

To compare the complexity of the perfect matching problem for general graphs with that for planar graphs, one might try to come up with a reduction from the perfect matching problem to the planar perfect matching problem.
The obvious way to construct such a reduction is via a {\em planarizing ... more >>>

Recently, Moser and Tardos [MT10] came up with a constructive proof of the Lovász Local Lemma. In this paper, we give another constructive proof of the lemma, based on Kolmogorov complexity. Actually, we even improve the Local Lemma slightly.

Graph isomorphism is an important and widely studied computational problem, with
a yet unsettled complexity.
However, the exact complexity is known for isomorphism of various classes of
graphs. Recently [DLN$^+$09] proved that planar graph isomorphism is complete for log-space.
We extend this result of [DLN$^+$09] further
to the ... more >>>

Graph Isomorphism is the prime example of a computational problem with a wide difference between the best known lower and upper bounds on its complexity. There is a significant gap between extant lower and upper bounds for planar graphs as well. We bridge the gap for this natural and ... more >>>

We show that the reachability problem for directed graphs
that are either K_{3,3}-free or K_5-free
is in unambiguous log-space, UL \cap coUL.
This significantly extends the result of Bourke, Tewari, and Vinodchandran
that the reachability problem for directed planar graphs
is in UL \cap coUL.

Our algorithm decomposes ... more >>>

The isomorphism problem for planar graphs is known to be efficiently solvable. For planar 3-connected graphs, the isomorphism problem can be solved by efficient parallel algorithms, it is in the class AC^1.

In this paper we improve the upper bound for planar 3-connected graphs to unambiguous logspace, in fact to ... more >>>

The perfect matching problem is known to
be in P, in randomized NC, and it is hard for NL.
Whether the perfect matching problem is in NC is one of
the most prominent open questions in complexity
theory regarding parallel computations.

Grigoriev and Karpinski studied the perfect matching problem
more >>>

We show necessary and sufficient conditions that
certain algebraic functions like the rank or the signature
of an integer matrix can be computed in GapL.

We investigate the computational complexity
of the minimal polynomial of an integer matrix.

We show that the computation of the minimal polynomial
is in AC^0(GapL), the AC^0-closure of the logspace
counting class GapL, which is contained in NC^2.
Our main result is that the problem is hard ... more >>>

We show that the satisfiability problem for
bounded error probabilistic ordered branching programs is NP-complete.
If the error is very small however
(more precisely,
if the error is bounded by the reciprocal of the width of the branching program),
then we have a polynomial-time algorithm for the satisfiability problem.
more >>>

We investigate the computational complexity of the
isomorphism problem for one-time-only branching programs (BP1-Iso):
on input of two one-time-only branching programs B and B',
decide whether there exists a permutation of the variables of B'
such that it becomes equivalent to B.

Our main result is a two-round interactive ... more >>>

We investigate the computational complexity of the Boolean Isomorphism problem (BI):
on input of two Boolean formulas F and G decide whether there exists a permutation of
the variables of G such that F and G become equivalent.

Our main result is a one-round interactive proof ... more >>>

The classes of languages accepted by nondeterministic polynomial-time
Turing machines (NP machines, in short) that have restricted access to
an NP oracle --- the machines can ask k queries to the NP oracle and
the answer they receive is the number of queries ... more >>>