We construct a classical oracle proving that, in a relativized setting, the set of languages decidable by an efficient quantum verifier with a quantum witness (QMA) is strictly bigger than those decidable with access only to a classical witness (QCMA). The separating classical oracle we construct is for a decision ... more >>>

We show an unconditional classical oracle separation between the class of languages that can be verified using a quantum proof (QMA) and the class of languages that can be verified with a classical proof (QCMA). Compared to the recent work of Bostanci, Haferkamp, Nirkhe, and Zhandry (STOC 2026), our proof ... more >>>