We initiate the study of the compressibility of NP problems. We
consider NP problems that have long instances but relatively
short witnesses. The question is, can one efficiently compress an
instance and store a shorter representation that maintains the
information of whether the original input is in the language or
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Attempts at classifying computational problems as polynomial time
solvable, NP-complete, or belonging to a higher level in the polynomial
hierarchy, face the difficulty of undecidability. These classes, including
NP, admit a logic formulation. By suitably restricting the formulation, one
finds the logic class MMSNP, or monotone monadic strict NP without
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We present three new quantum hardcore functions for any quantum one-way function. We also give a "quantum" solution to Damgard's question (CRYPTO'88) on his pseudorandom generator by proving the quantum hardcore property of his generator, which has been unknown to have the classical hardcore property.
Our technical tool is ... more >>>