A string $p$ is called a program to compute $y$ given $x$
if $U(p,x)=y$, where $U$ denotes universal programming language.
Kolmogorov complexity $K(y|x)$ of $y$ relative to $x$
is defined as minimum length of
a program to compute $y$ given $x$.
Let $K(x)$ denote $K(x|\text{empty string})$
(Kolmogorov complexity of $x$) ... more >>>

We consider a class, denoted APP, of real-valued functions
f:{0,1}^n\rightarrow [0,1] such that f can be approximated, to
within any epsilon>0, by a probabilistic Turing machine running in
time poly(n,1/epsilon). We argue that APP can be viewed as a
generalization of BPP, and show that APP contains a natural
complete ... more >>>

We consider tautologies formed from a pseudo-random
number generator, defined in Kraj\'{\i}\v{c}ek \cite{Kra99}
and in Alekhnovich et.al. \cite{ABRW}.
We explain a strategy of proving their hardness for EF via
a conjecture about bounded arithmetic formulated
in Kraj\'{\i}\v{c}ek \cite{Kra99}. Further we give a
purely finitary statement, in a ... more >>>