We give an explicit hitting set of size $\poly(n,d,r)$ for the class of $n$-variate degree-$d$ polynomials whose partial derivative space is bounded by $r$, over any field $\F$ of characteristic zero. In particular, this yields a polynomial sized hitting set for the class of depth-$3$ powering circuits.
The proof extends to the setting of noncommutative ABPs and provides a polynomial sized hitting set (of matrices) for the class of noncommututive polynomials that can be computed by polynomial sized noncommutative ABPs (this was also one of the results reported by Open AI~\cite{OpenAI26} in their release on 6 Oct 2026).
The main technical insight is the construction of a ``formal derivation'' and properties of the associated Wronskian with respect to this derivation, which was previously studied by Moura \cite{Moura_2004} in a very different context. The proofs in this paper are elementary and completely self-contained.
AI Disclosure: A subset of the stewards obtained a weaker statement (hitting sets for polynomials with bounded partial derivative space) during conversations \cite{astra_proof} with OpenAI GPT-6 Astra. Extensions of this idea to the broader class of noncommutative ABPs were obtained by the other stewards (via further conversations with Astra), prior to OpenAI's dump on 6 Oct 2026.
The proofs presented in this writeup is a rewriting (in the authors' words) of the proofs for both settings obtained by the models in a form that we believe is understandable to researchers. Although the proof is technically identical to OpenAI's release, we believe this exposition is self-contained, simpler, and more valuable to the community. The absurdity of the situation is not lost on us.
Extending the techniques to non-commutative ABPs as well (which was also reported by OpenAI in its Oct 7 dump).
We give an explicit hitting set of size $\text{poly}(n,d,r)$ for the class of $n$-variate degree-$d$ polynomials whose partial derivative space is bounded by $r$, over any field $\mathbb{F}$ of characteristic zero. In particular, this yields a polynomial sized hitting set for the class of depth-$3$ powering circuits.
The main technical insight is the construction of a "formal derivation'' and properties of the associated Wronskian with respect to this derivation, which was previously studied by Moura [Moura_2004] in a very different context. The proofs in this paper are elementary and completely self-contained.
AI disclosure: The proof of this result was obtained during conversations [astra_proof] with OpenAI GPT-6 Astra. The proof presented in this writeup is a rewriting (in the authors' words) of the proof obtained by the AI model in a form that we believe is understandable to researchers.
