We investigate the computational complexity of balance problems for $\{-,\cdot\}$-circuits
computing finite sets of natural numbers. These problems naturally build on problems for integer
expressions and integer circuits studied by Stockmeyer and Meyer (1973),
McKenzie and Wagner (2007),
and Glaßer et al (2010).

Our work shows that the balance problem for $\{-,\cdot\}$-circuits is undecidable which
is the first natural problem for integer circuits or related constraint satisfaction problems
that admits only one arithmetic operation and is proven to be undeciable.

Starting from this result we precisely characterize the complexity of balance problems
for proper subsets of $\{-,\cdot\}$. These problems turn out to be complete for one of the classes
L, NL, and NP.

The former Theorem 12 whose proof contained ca 8 pages can also be obtained quite directly from the literature. Therefore, the former proof was replaced with a much shorter one.

We investigate the computational complexity of balance problems for $\{-,\cdot\}$-circuits computing finite sets of natural numbers. These problems naturally build on problems for integer expressions and integer circuits studied by Stockmeyer and Meyer (1973), McKenzie and Wagner (2007), and Glaßer et al (2010).

Our work shows that the balance problem for $\{-,\cdot\}$-circuits is undecidable which is the first natural problem for integer circuits or related constraint satisfaction problems that admits only one arithmetic operation and is proven to be undeciable.

Starting from this result we precisely characterize the complexity of balance problems for proper subsets of $\{-,\cdot\}$. These problems turn out to be complete for one of the classes L, NL, and NP. The case where only the multiplication is allowed turns out to be particular interesting as it leads us to the general non-trivial observation that the product $S$ of two sets with sufficiently large maxima is subbalanced (i.e., $|S| \le \max(S)/2$), which might be interesting on its own.

We investigate the computational complexity of balance problems for $\{-,\cdot\}$-circuits
computing finite sets of natural numbers. These problems naturally build on problems for integer
expressions and integer circuits studied by Stockmeyer and Meyer (1973),
McKenzie and Wagner (2007),
and Glaßer et al (2010).

Our work shows that the balance problem for $\{-,\cdot\}$-circuits is undecidable which
is the first natural problem for integer circuits or related constraint satisfaction problems
that admits only one arithmetic operation and is proven to be undeciable.

Starting from this result we precisely characterize the complexity of balance problems
for proper subsets of $\{-,\cdot\}$. These problems turn out to be complete for one of the classes
L, NL, and NP. The case where only the multiplication is allowed turns out to be particular
interesting as it leads us to the general non-trivial observation that the product $S$ of two sets with sufficiently large maxima
is subbalanced (i.e., $|S| \le \max(S)/2$), which might be interesting on its own.

The proof of Theorem 18 was rewritten.

We investigate the computational complexity of balance problems for $\{-,\cdot\}$-circuits
computing finite sets of natural numbers. These problems naturally build on problems for integer
expressions and integer circuits studied by Stockmeyer and Meyer (1973),
McKenzie and Wagner (2007),
and Glaßer et al (2010).

Our work shows that the balance problem for $\{-,\cdot\}$-circuits is undecidable which
is the first natural problem for integer circuits or related constraint satisfaction problems
that admits only one arithmetic operation and is proven to be undeciable.

Starting from this result we precisely characterize the complexity of balance problems
for proper subsets of $\{-,\cdot\}$. These problems turn out to be complete for one of the classes
L, NL, and NP. The case where only the multiplication is allowed turns out to be particular
interesting as it leads us to the general non-trivial observation that the product $S$ of two sets with sufficiently large maxima
is subbalanced (i.e., $|S| \le \max(S)/2$), which might be interesting on its own.

Minor improvements have been made.

We investigate the computational complexity of balance problems for $\{-,\cdot\}$-circuits computing finite sets of natural numbers. These problems naturally build on problems for integer expressions and integer circuits studied by Stockmeyer and Meyer (1973), McKenzie and Wagner (2007), and Glaßer et al (2010).

Our work shows that the balance problem for $\{-,\cdot\}$-circuits is undecidable which is the first natural problem for integer circuits or related constraint satisfaction problems that admits only one arithmetic operation and is proven to be undeciable.

Starting from this result we precisely characterize the complexity of balance problems for proper subsets of $\{-,\cdot\}$. These problems turn out to be complete for one of the classes L, NL, and NP. The case where only the multiplication is allowed turns out to be particular interesting as it leads us to the general non-trivial observation that the product $S$ of two sets with sufficiently large maxima is subbalanced (i.e., $|S| \le \max(S)/2$), which might be interesting on its own.

formatting of the abstract has been improved

We investigate the computational complexity of balance problems for $\{-,\cdot\}$-circuits
computing finite sets of natural numbers. These problems naturally build on problems for integer
expressions and integer circuits studied by Stockmeyer and Meyer (1973),
McKenzie and Wagner (2007),
and Glaßer et al (2010).

Our work shows that the balance problem for $\{-,\cdot\}$-circuits is undecidable which
is the first natural problem for integer circuits or related constraint satisfaction problems
that admits only one arithmetic operation and is proven to be undeciable.

Starting from this result we precisely characterize the complexity of balance problems
for proper subsets of $\{-,\cdot\}$. These problems turn out to be complete for one of the classes
L, NL, and NP. The case where only the multiplication is allowed turns out to be particular
interesting as it leads us to the general non-trivial observation that the product $S$ of two sets with sufficiently large maxima
is subbalanced (i.e., $|S| \le \max(S)/2$), which might be interesting on its own.