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Revision #1 to TR21-087 | 28th August 2021 05:41

#### Eliminating Intermediate Measurements using Pseudorandom Generators

Revision #1
Authors: Uma Girish, Ran Raz
Accepted on: 28th August 2021 05:41
Downloads: 5
Keywords:

Abstract:

We show that quantum algorithms of time $T$ and space $S\ge \log T$ with unitary operations and intermediate measurements can be simulated by quantum algorithms of time $T \cdot \mathrm{poly} (S)$ and space ${O}(S\cdot \log T)$ with unitary operations and without intermediate measurements. The best results prior to this work required either $\Omega(T)$ space (by the deferred measurement principle) or $\mathrm{poly}(2^S)$ time [FR21,GRZ21]. Our result is thus a time-efficient and space-efficient simulation of algorithms with unitary operations and intermediate measurements by algorithms with unitary operations and without intermediate measurements.

To prove our result, we study pseudorandom generators for quantum space-bounded algorithms. We show that (an instance of) the INW pseudorandom generator for classical space-bounded algorithms [INW94] also fools quantum space-bounded algorithms. More precisely, we show that for quantum space-bounded algorithms that have access to a read-once tape consisting of random bits, the final state of the algorithm when the random bits are drawn from the uniform distribution is nearly identical to the final state when the random bits are drawn using the INW pseudorandom generator. This result applies to general quantum algorithms which can apply unitary operations, perform intermediate measurements and reset qubits.

### Paper:

TR21-087 | 22nd June 2021 18:05

#### Eliminating Intermediate Measurements using Pseudorandom Generators

TR21-087
Authors: Uma Girish, Ran Raz
Publication: 22nd June 2021 19:04
Downloads: 203
Keywords:

Abstract:

We show that quantum algorithms of time T and space $S \ge \log T$ with intermediate measurements can be simulated by quantum algorithms of time $T\cdot \mathrm{poly}(S)$ and space $O(S\cdot \log T)$ without intermediate measurements. The best simulations prior to this work required either $\Omega(T)$ space (by the deferred measurement principle) or $\mathrm{poly}(2^S)$ time [FR21, GRZ21]. Our result is thus a time-efficient and space-efficient simulation of algorithms with intermediate measurements by algorithms without intermediate measurements.

To prove our result, we study pseudorandom generators for quantum space-bounded algorithms. We show that (an instance of) the INW pseudorandom generator for classical space-bounded algorithms [INW94] also fools quantum space-bounded algorithms. More precisely, we show that for quantum space-bounded algorithms that have access to a read-once tape consisting of random bits, the final state of the algorithm when the random bits are drawn from the uniform distribution is nearly identical to the final state when the random bits are drawn using the INW pseudorandom generator.

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