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Paper:

TR25-085 | 28th June 2025 20:53

Constant-depth circuits for polynomial GCD over any characteristic

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Abstract:

We show that the GCD of two univariate polynomials can be computed by (piece-wise) algebraic circuits of constant depth and polynomial size over any sufficiently large field, regardless of the characteristic. This extends a recent result of Andrews \& Wigderson who showed such an upper bound over fields of zero or large characteristic.

Our proofs are based on a recent work of Bhattacharjee, Kumar, Rai, Ramanathan, Saptharishi \& Saraf that shows closure of constant depth algebraic circuits under factorization. On our way to the proof, we show that any $n$-variate symmetric polynomial $P$ that has a small constant depth algebraic circuit can be written as the composition of a small constant depth algebraic circuit with elementary symmetric polynomials. This statement is a constant depth version of a result of Bl\"{a}ser \& Jindal, who showed this for algebraic circuits of unbounded depth. As an application of our techniques, we also strengthen the closure results for factors of constant-depth circuits in the work of Bhattacharjee et al. over fields for small characteristic.



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