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### Paper:

TR20-012 | 14th February 2020 19:13

#### (Semi)Algebraic Proofs over $\{\pm 1\}$ Variables

TR20-012
Authors: Dmitry Sokolov
Publication: 16th February 2020 08:22
Keywords:

Abstract:

One of the major open problems in proof complexity is to prove lower bounds on $AC_0[p]$-Frege proof
systems. As a step toward this goal Impagliazzo, Mouli and Pitassi in a recent paper suggested to prove
lower bounds on the size for Polynomial Calculus over the $\{\pm 1\}$ basis. In this paper we show a
technique for proving such lower bounds and moreover we also give lower bounds on the size for
Sum-of-Squares over the $\{\pm 1\}$ basis.

We show lower bounds on random $\Delta$-CNF formulas and formulas composed with a gadget. As a byproduct,
we establish a separation between Polynomial Calculus and Sum-of-Squares over the $\{\pm 1\}$ basis by
proving a lower bound on the Pigeonhole Principle.

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